Gil Vicente (c. 1465 – c. 1536), known as the Trobadour, was a celebrated Portuguese playwright and poet. He is regarded as the chief dramatist of Portugal and is often called the "Portuguese Plautus" as well as the "Father of Portuguese drama." His works, written in both Portuguese and Spanish, earned him the recognition as a joint-father of Spanish drama along with Juan del Encina.

Vicente was closely associated with the courts of the Portuguese kings Manuel I and John III. His rise to fame as a playwright was significantly influenced by Queen Dowager Leonor, who recognized his talent during court dramas and commissioned him to write his first theatrical work. In addition to his literary contributions, he may have been the same Gil Vicente known as an accomplished goldsmith at the court of Évora, credited with creating the famous Belém Monstrance, and serving as master of rhetoric to King Manuel I.

His plays and poetry are considered reflections of the transformative era from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, blending traditional mores with emerging social paradigms. Many of his works, often composed for religious and national celebrations or to commemorate royal events, also critiqued contemporary Portuguese society by incorporating elements of popular culture.

Despite facing suppression by the Portuguese Inquisition, which led to a decline in his fame, Gil Vicente is now acknowledged as one of the principal figures of the Portuguese Renaissance.