Robert Maurice Sapolsky is an American scientist and author. He is currently the John A. and Cynthia Fry Gunn Professor at Stanford University, where he serves as a professor of Biological Sciences, Neurology and Neurological Sciences, and by courtesy, Neurosurgery. His research is notably focused on neuroendocrinology, particularly in relation to stress.

In addition to his work at Stanford, Sapolsky is a research associate at the National Museums of Kenya.