Heinrich Theodor Böll (21 December 1917 – 16 July 1985) was a seminal figure in post-World War II German literature. He is renowned for his acute analysis of the German society during the aftermath of the war, often referred to as "rubble literature". His works are characterized by their empathetic portrayal of characters and a sharp commentary on the young Federal Republic of Germany. Böll's narrative style and his ability to infuse broad perspectives on his era with sensitive characterizations revitalized German literature.

Böll's notable achievements include receiving the Georg Büchner Prize in 1967 and the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1972. The Swedish Academy awarded him the Nobel Prize, noting his contributions to the renewal of German literature. Some of his most celebrated works are "Billiards at Half-past Nine", "The Clown" ("Ansichten eines Clowns"), and "Group Portrait with Lady" ("Gruppenbild mit Dame"). His 1974 novel, "The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum", became one of his most famous works, reflecting his critical engagement with the political landscape of Germany and Europe.

Through his literary and political endeavors, which included a close friendship and collaboration with Lew Kopelew, Böll significantly influenced the European literary scene.