Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS, was a renowned British philosopher, logician, mathematician, and public intellectual. He was influential in various fields including mathematics, logic, set theory, and analytic philosophy.

Russell was a prominent logician and a foundational figure in analytic philosophy alongside Gottlob Frege, G. E. Moore, and his student Ludwig Wittgenstein. He co-authored Principia Mathematica with A. N. Whitehead, a significant work in classical logic and an effort to base mathematics on logic, known as logicism. His essay "On Denoting" is considered a philosophical paradigm.

As a social critic and pacifist, Russell championed anti-imperialism and chaired the India League. He was imprisoned during World War I for his pacifism and initially supported appeasement against Nazi Germany, later deeming war as a necessary lesser evil. Post World War II, he supported American global leadership over Soviet hegemony and was a vocal critic of Stalinist totalitarianism, the Vietnam War, and an advocate for nuclear disarmament.

Russell received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1950 "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought." He also received numerous other accolades including the De Morgan Medal, Sylvester Medal, Kalinga Prize, and Jerusalem Prize.