Joanne Rowling, known by her pen name J.K. Rowling, is a British author and philanthropist, recognized for her groundbreaking work, the Harry Potter series. Published between 1997 and 2007, this seven-volume fantasy novel series sold over 600 million copies, was translated into 84 languages, and launched a global media franchise that includes films and video games.

Early Life and Education
Born in Yate, Gloucestershire, Rowling grew up in Gloucestershire, England, and Chepstow, Wales. Her father, Peter, was an aircraft engineer, and her mother, Anne, was a science technician. She attended Wyedean Comprehensive school and later studied at Exeter University, where her knowledge of Classics later informed the creation of Harry Potter spells.

Writing Career
Rowling's journey to literary fame began in 1990 while she was working for Amnesty International. The seven-year period that followed saw significant personal challenges, including the death of her mother and her first marriage's divorce, before Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was published in 1997.

The series follows Harry Potter, a young wizard, as he attends Hogwarts and fights the dark wizard Lord Voldemort. Its central themes include the struggle between good and evil, and it incorporates influences from fairy tales and Christian allegories.

Rowling has also written novels for adults, including The Casual Vacancy and the crime series featuring Cormoran Strike, under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith.

Philanthropy and Impact
Rowling has received numerous accolades, such as an OBE and being named a Companion of Honour for her contributions to literature and philanthropy. She established the Volant Charitable Trust and co-founded the charity Lumos, focusing on medical causes and at-risk women and children. Her charitable efforts are significant, with an estimated $160 million in charitable giving.

Controversies
Since 2017, Rowling has been outspoken about transgender issues, leading to controversies and divisions among feminists and critics.