Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American writer and journalist. During his lifetime, he wrote and had published seven novels, six collections of short stories, and two works of non-fiction. Since his death, three novels, four collections of short stories, and three non-fiction autobiographical works have been published. Hemingway received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.

Hemingway was born and raised in Oak Park, Illinois. After high school, he worked as a reporter but soon left for the Italian front to be an ambulance driver during World War I, where he was seriously injured. He married his first wife, Hadley Richardson, in 1922 and moved to Paris as a foreign correspondent. In Paris, Hemingway was influenced by the writers and artists of the "Lost Generation." His first novel, The Sun Also Rises, was published in 1924.

In the late 1920s, Hemingway divorced Hadley, married Pauline Pfeiffer, and moved to Key West, Florida. He covered the Spanish Civil War as a correspondent and later wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls. He was in Europe during World War II, witnessing events such as Operation Overlord and the liberation of Paris. After divorcing again, he married Mary Welsh Hemingway, and his The Old Man and the Sea was published in 1952. Hemingway moved from Cuba to Idaho and committed suicide in 1961.

Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and mid-1950s, with several unfinished works published posthumously. His writing style, characterized by economy and understatement, significantly influenced 20th-century fiction. Many of his works are considered American literature classics, with his popularity peaking after the publication of The Old Man and the Sea.