John Chynoweth Burnham (July 14, 1929 – May 12, 2017) was an American historian renowned for his extensive work in the history of science, medicine, psychology, and psychiatry. He served as a professor of history at Ohio State University from 1963 to 2002.

Burnham was a leading figure in his field, holding the position of president of the American Association for the History of Medicine from 1990 to 1992. Additionally, he was the editor-in-chief of the Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences from 1997 to 2000. His contributions were recognized with a Lifetime Achievement Award from Division 26 of the American Psychological Association.

He was a fellow of multiple prestigious organizations, including the American Psychological Association and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.